Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System

The effect of progressive aerobic continuous training on angiotensin-1, angiotensin-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 in patients with heart failure

Background: Chronic hypertension causes structural and functional changes in the heart, ultimately leading to heart failure (HF), which further increases mortality and morbidit. HF is a complex clinical syndrome caused by various structural or functional abnormalities of the heart that impair the filling capacity of the ventricles. The findings of various trials have shown the association betwe...

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Sarcoidosis

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: cardioprotective player in the renin-angiotensin system?

The first reports1,2 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, in mid-2000 came almost 50 years after the discovery of ACE and, remarkably, its existence had not been predicted from the known physiology of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) at the time. There has since been an exponential growth in knowledge of ACE2 functions,3 spanning such diverse areas of biology as cardiovas...

Inhibitors of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme or Blockers of Angiotensin-2 Receptor in COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Cardiovascular or Pulmonary Diseases

  Following the skyrocketing spread of SARS-CoV-2 into almost all the countries over five continents, diverse clinical strategies are urgently needed to defeat its pandemic, considering that an magic-bullet antiviral vaccine or treatment is presently unavailable. WHO later proclaimed the viral outbreak as a pandemic. Despite this fast speed of the pandemic, any recommended treatment must first...

Renin-angiotensin system and unilateral ureteral obstruction

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a clinical scenario that leads to obstructive nephropathy. UUO alters the expression of many mediators in the ipsilateral kidney. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in UUO. Angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) as the main arms of RAS influence kidney function which may alter by UUO. Ang II via Ang II receptor subtypes I (AT1R) ...